Winnie Madikizela- Mandela - Wikipedia. Winnie Madikizela- Mandela (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela on 2. September 1. 93. 6)[1] is a South African activist and politician who has held several government positions and headed the African National Congress Women's League. She is a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee.

She was married to Nelson Mandela for 3. Although they were still married at the time of his becoming president of South Africa in May 1.

Their divorce was finalised on 1. March 1. 99. 6,[2] though Winnie Mandela continued to be a presence in Mandela's life in later years despite his remarriage in 1. Winnie could be seen almost daily visiting her former husband Nelson Mandela at the Mediclinic heart hospital in Pretoria where he was receiving treatment.[3] Of all the major figures who came to global prominence during the South African liberation struggle, Madikizela- Mandela was seen as the most at home in the world of celebrity culture, and for many of the years just before Nelson Mandela's release from 2.

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela on 26 September 1936) is a South African activist and politician who has held several government. Thomas Silverstein, who has been described as America’s “most isolated man,” has been held in an extreme form of solitary confinement under a “no human.

She was offered academic honours abroad. A controversial activist, she remains popular among her supporters, who refer to her as the "Mother of the Nation", yet reviled by others after the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that she had personally been responsible for the murder, torture, abduction, and assault of numerous men, women, and children, as well as indirectly responsible for an even larger number of such crimes.[5]Early life[edit]Her Xhosa name is Nomzamo ("She who tries"). She was born in the village of e. Mbongweni,[6]Bizana, Pondoland, in what is now South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. She was born the fourth out of eight children, which included seven sisters and a brother. Her parents, Columbus and Gertrude, were both teachers. Columbus was a history teacher and a headmaster, and Gertrude was a domestic science teacher.

Gertrude died when Winnie was nine, resulting in the break- up of her family as all the siblings were sent to live with different relatives. Madikizela- Mandela went on to become the head girl of her high school in Bizana. After she matriculated she went to Johannesburg to study social work at the Jan Hofmeyr School, despite restrictions on education of blacks during apartheid.[7] She earned her degree in social work in 1. University of Witwatersrand. She held a number of jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei, including with the Transkei government, living at various times in Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. Her first job was as a social worker at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto. Marriage/children[edit]She met lawyer and anti- apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1.

She was 2. 2 and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing a lunch date the following week.[3] They married in 1. Ezinhle ROOI (born 1. Zindzi (born 1. 96. Nelson Mandela was arrested in 1.

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The couple separated in 1. Her attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5 million, half of what she claimed her ex- husband was worth, was dismissed when she failed to appear in court for a settlement hearing.[8] When asked about the possibility of reconciliation in a 1. Winnie said: "I am not fighting to be the country's First Lady. In fact, I am not the sort of person to carry beautiful flowers and be an ornament to everyone."[9]Apartheid[edit]Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the South African government. She was tortured,[how?][by whom?] subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and banished to a remote town.[3] She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1. February 1. 99. 0).

For many of those years, she was exiled to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for the times she was allowed to visit her husband at the prison on Robben Island. Beginning in 1. 96. Pretoria Central Prison.[1. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the West.

She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of its struggle against apartheid.[1. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2. President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in its anti- apartheid activism: In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system.[1. In 1. 98. 5, Mandela won the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award along with fellow activists Allan Boesak and Beyers Naude for their human rights work in South Africa.

The Award is given annually by the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights to an individual or group whose courageous activism is at the heart of the human rights movement and in the spirit of Robert F. Kennedy's vision and legacy.[1. She received a Candace Award for Distinguished Service from the National Coalition of 1.

Black Women in 1. Criminal convictions and findings of criminal behaviour[edit]Her reputation was damaged by such rhetoric as that displayed in a speech she gave in Munsieville on 1. April 1. 98. 6, where she endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using tyres and petrol) by saying: "With our boxes of matches and our necklaces we shall liberate this country."[1. Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, that she had ordered kidnapping and murder.[1. On 2. 9 December 1.

Richardson, who was coach of the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC), which acted as Mrs. Mandela's personal security detail, abducted 1. James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi) and three other youths from the home of a Methodist minister, Rev.

Paul Verryn, claiming she had the youths taken to her home because she suspected the reverend was sexually abusing them. The four were beaten to get them to admit to having had sex with the minister. Seipei was accused of being an informer, and his body later found in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 January 1. In 1. 99. 1, she was acquitted of all but the kidnapping.[3] Her six- year jail sentence was reduced to a fine on appeal. The final report of the South African Truth and Reconciliation commission, issued in 1. Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela politically and morally accountable for the gross violations of human rights committed by the MUFC" and that she "was responsible, by omission, for the commission of gross violations of human rights." [5] In 1.

Dr. Abu- Baker Asvat, a family friend who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed.[1. Mandela's role was later probed as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings, in 1.

She was said to have paid the equivalent of $8,0. January 1. 98. 9.[2.

The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Winnie Mandela's orders.[2. Transition to democracy[edit].

Winnie Mandela with Nelson Mandela, Alberto Chissano and his daughter Cidalia in Museu Galeria Chissano, Mozambique, 1. During South Africa's transition to democracy, she adopted a far less conciliatory and compromising attitude than her husband toward the white community. Despite being on her husband's arm when he was released in 1.

Mandelas' 3. 8- year marriage ended when they separated in April 1. The couple divorced in March 1. She then adopted the surname Madikizela- Mandela. Appointed Deputy Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology in the first post- Apartheid government (May 1.

America's Most Isolated Federal Prisoner Describes 1. Days in Extreme Solitary Confinement“Control Unit” by Thomas Silverstein. Thomas Silverstein, who has been described as America’s “most isolated man,” has been held in an extreme form of solitary confinement under a “no human contact” order for 2. Originally imprisoned for armed robbery at the age of 1. Silverstein is serving life without parole for killing two fellow inmates (whom he says were threatening his life) and a prison guard, and has been buried in the depths of the federal prison system since 1. In his current lawsuit against the Federal Bureau of Prisons, Silverstein contends that his decades of utter isolation in a small concrete cell violate the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, as well as its guarantee of due process.

The lawsuit, brought by the University of Denver’s Civil Rights Clinic, is described in detail in our article “Fortresses of Solitude.”) Update: On Friday, federal District Court Judge Philip Brimmer set a court date of January 2. Silverstein case.

In support of that lawsuit, Tommy Silverstein, now 5. I have endured in spite of a spotless conduct record for over 2.

I can do to lessen my isolation.” After apologizing “for the actions that brought me here in the first place,” particularly the murder of corrections officer Merle Clutts, Silverstein contends that he has “worked hard to become a different man.” He continues, “I understand that I deserve to be punished for my actions, and I do not expect ever to be released from prison…I just want to serve out the remainder of my time peacefully with other mature guys doing their time.”The bulk of the declaration is a detailed account of Silverstein’s experiences and surrounding in a series of what constitute the most secure and isolated housing in the federal prison system: in the notorious Control Unit at Marion, the supermax prototype; at USP Atlanta in a windowless underground “side pocket” cell that measured 6 x 7 feet (“almost exactly the size of a standard king mattress,”); at Leavenworth in an isolated basement cell dubbed the “Silverstein Suite”; on “Range 1. ADX Florence, where the only other prisoner was Ramzi Yusef; and finally in ADX’s D- Unit, where he can hear the sounds of other prisoners living in neighboring cells, though he still never sees them. The following is from Tommy Silverstein’s description of his life at USP Atlanta: The cell was so small that I could stand in one place and touch both walls simultaneously.

The ceiling was so low that I could reach up and touch the hot light fixture. My bed took up the length of the cell, and there was no other furniture at all…The walls were solid steel and painted all white. I was permitted to wear underwear, but I was given no other clothing. Shortly after I arrived, the prison staff began construction on the side pocket cell, adding more bars and other security measures to the cell while I was within it.

In order not to be burned by sparks and embers while they welded more iron bars across the cell, I had to lie on my bed and cover myself with a sheet. It is hard to describe the horror I experienced during this construction process.

As they built new walls around me it felt like I was being buried alive. It was terrifying. Watch The Stray Megavideo. During my first year in the side pocket cell I was completely isolated from the outside world and had no way to occupy my time. I was not allowed to have any social visits, telephone privileges, or reading materials except a bible. I was not allowed to have a television, radio, or tape player. I could speak to no one and their was virtually nothing on which to focus my attention.

I was not only isolated, but also disoriented in the side pocket. This was exacerbated by the fact that I wasn’t allowed to have a wristwatch or clock. In addition, the bright, artificial lights remained on in the cell constantly, increasing my disorientation and making it difficult to sleep. Not only were they constantly illuminated, but those lights buzzed incessantly. The buzzing noise was maddening, as there often were no other sounds at all. This may sound like a small thing, but it was my entire world.

Due to the unchanging bright artificial lights and not having a wristwatch or clock, I couldn’t tell if it was day or night. Frequently, I would fall asleep and when I woke up I would not know if I had slept for five minutes or five hours, and would have no idea of what day or time of day it was. I tried to measure the passing of days by counting food trays.

Without being able to keep track of time, though, sometimes I thought the officers had left me and were never coming back. I thought they were gone for days, and I was going to starve.

It’s likely they were only gone for a few hours, but I had no way to know. I was so disoriented in Atlanta that I felt like I was in an episode of the twilight zone.

I now know that I was housed there for about four years, but I would have believed it was a decade if that is what I was told. It seemed eternal and endless and immeasurable…There was no air conditioning or heating in the side pocket cells. During the summer, the heat was unbearable. I would pour water on the ground and lay naked on the floor in an attempt to cool myself…The only time I was let out of my cell was for outdoor recreation. I was allowed one hour a week of outdoor recreation. I could not see any other inmates or any of the surrounding landscape during outdoor recreation. There was no exercise equipment and nothing to do…My vision deteriorated in the side pocket, I think due to the constant bright lights, or possibly also because of other aspects of this harsh environment.

Everything began to appear blurry and I became sensitive to light, which burned my eyes and gave me headaches. Nearly all of the time, the officers refused to speak to me. Despite this, I heard people who I believed to be officers whispering into my vents, telling me they hated me and calling me names. To this day, I am not sure if the officers were doing this to me, or if I was starting to lose it and these were hallucinations.

In the side pocket cell, I lost some ability to distinguished what was real. I dreamt I was in prison. When I woke up, I was not sure which was reality and which was a dream. In a summing up, Silverstein reflects on the physical and psychological effects of 2.

Buddhist meditation. He reiterates his plea to be allowed into the BOP’s “Step- Down program” toward less isolated confinement. The complete declaration, which runs to 6.

Update: A declaration submitted as an exhibit in the case, by Dr. Craig Haney, one of the nation’s leading experts on the effects of prolonged solitary confinement, can be read here.